Fuzzy Logic Applications To High Performance Drives With Special Reference To Reluctance Motors

Abstract: This paper reviews the applications of fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy control to DC and AC drives. It also reviews the application in V.R. drive systems. It is concluded that further research work is required in this area as V.R. drives are quite non-linear electromagnetic structures. Fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy control techniques are ideal solutions to control of reluctance drives.

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Carbon Nanostructures: An Efficient Hydrogen Storage Medium For Fuel Cells

Abstract: The science of nanotechnology, now a days is leaving trademark prospects for better living. The motto of nanotechnology is “ever smaller and ever faster”. In this territory or field it has also encroached its arms into reach and development of hydrogen fuel cells. Carbon nanotubes have been intensively investigated for their fundamental technical importance for hydrogen storage. New techniques being researched may soon make hydrogen storage more compact safe and efficient. This is accomplished by using various approaches to shape carbon into microscopic cylindrical structures known as nanotubes and nanofibers, molecular cousins of “buck minister fullerene” (C60) or “bucky balls”. One of the critical factors in nanotubes usefulness as a hydrogen storage medium is the ratio of stored hydrogen to carbon.

Developing high-density hydrogen system, about 5-wt% that can release hydrogen at a temperature lower than 1000C has been the focus and the goal of researchers. The basic current approaches of hydrogen storage a compressed gas, liquid or in the form of solid hydrogen. A solid hydrogen storage system is reliable, sample to engineer and tremendously safer. Our objective has been to utilize the physisorption effect and generate chemisorption effect by introducing transition metals and hydrogen-bonding clusters is expected to allow us to tune the material for hydrogen sorption at desired temperature and pressures.

Carbon nanotechnology represents a new direction for solid hydrogen storage. Especially, if these materials can be altered to store large amounts of hydrogen at room temperature, samples have been doped and spectroscopic characterization was conducted. These impeded clusters are capable of bonding large amounts of hydrogen with favorable thermodynamic and enhanced kinetics, while the transition metals catalyze the hydrogen to react with clusters or nanotubes systems.

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Removal of As (III) from Groundwater using Activated Alumina

Abstract: Contamination of drinking water due to arsenic is a severe problem with regards to health hazards. Most of the techniques developed are for pentavalent arsenate species and are not very effective for trivalent arsenite, which is also found in many places and has toxicity higher than arsenate. In the present work an attempt to remove arsenite by using activated alumina was made. Effect of adsorbent dose, solution pH, and time has been investigated. The arsenite removal was strongly dependent on pH, contact time and adsorbent dose. The results show that the activated alumina can be very effective adsorbent for arsenite and arsenate..

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A Stochastic Approach In Global Optimization Of Chemical Processes

Abstract: Even though literally the optimization algorithms lead to local optimum points sometimes it may possible in chemical engineering problems which may lead to two complex and non-convex and non linear problems. The global optimization of such a problem is one of the toughest NP (Non deterministic Polynomial time) hard problems. Many problems in many cases cannot be solved in a reasonable time span if we depend only on N (deterministic Polynomial algorithms time) type that are theoretically guaranteed to find the global optimum. Generally, stochastic algorithms, which do not guarantee the global optimality of the obtained solution, are suitable for large problems, but not efficient when there are too many equality constraints. Therefore, an algorithm suitable for general chemical process optimization problems is proposed in this paper, which is based on a feasible point strategy and combination of a stochastic global algorithm and a deterministic local algorithm

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Vision Based Human – Computer Interaction For Realtime Detection & Tracking

Abstract: “Human – Computer Interaction (HCI)” is the study of interaction between people (users) and computers. It is an interdisciplinary subject, relating computer science with many other fields of study and research. Interaction between users and computers occurs at the user interface which includes both hardware i.e. peripherals and other hardware and software for example determining which, and how, information is presented to the user on a screen.

In this paper we describe a physical user interface system for easy and natural user-computer interaction. VisulaPen is vision-based system for real-time detection and tracking of a stylus that completely replaces mouse and keyboard, thus providing a valid input device for mobile computers, and its low computational complexity renders it suitable also for PDAs. The system can be operated from a wide range of distances (either from a desk or from a wall – mounted projection panel) and is able to work with all lightning conditions. The architecture of the system is here described, and experimental results in several tests are presented and commented.

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End-To-End Qos Architecture (4G Wireless Communication)

Abstract: This paper describes an architecture for differentiation of Quality of Service in heterogeneous wireless-wired networks. This architecture applies an “all-IP” paradigm, with embedded mobility of users. The architecture allows for multiple types of access networks, and enables user roaming between different operator domains. The overall 4G architecture discussed in this paper is IPv6-based, supporting seamless mobility between different access technologies. Mobility is a substantial problem in such environment, because inter-technology handovers have to be supported. In our case, we targeted Ethernet (802.3) for wired access; Wi-Fi (802.11b) for wireless LAN access; and W-CDMA - the radio interface of UMTS - for cellular access.The architecture is able to provide quality of service per-user and per-service An integrated service and resource management approach is presented based on the cooperative association between Quality of Service Brokers and Authentication, Authorisation, Accounting and Charging systems. The different phases of QoS-operation are discussed. The overall QoS concepts are presented with some relevant enhancements that address specifically voice services. In particular, EF simulations results are discussed in this context.

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Nanotechnology

Abstract: This paper first of all presents the introduction to Nanotechnology, which is the engineering of tiny machines. The revised versions of this term also have been described in brief. This technology represents the state of art in advances in biology, physics, chemistry, computer science, engineering and mathematics. The major research objectives in this technology like design, modeling and fabrication of molecular devices are presented here under.

It offers better built, longer lasting, cleaner, safer, and smarter products for home, communications, medicine, transportation, agriculture, and industry in general. This technology will offer greatly improvised efficiency in almost all facets of life. It represents not only wonderful benefits for humanity but also grave risks.

In addition to this, we present the ethics, things that become practical with mature technology, specific design guidelines and development principles of this technology. The benefits, interdisciplinary ensemble and potential risks of Nanotechnology are emphasized. Assumptions and some specific recommendations intended to provide a basic for responsible development of Molecular Nanotechnology has been presented.

Devices and capabilities, which appear to be both physically possible and practically realizable, are given. Each aspect or consequences of molecular manufacturing is discussed. This is a revolutionary, transformative, powerful and potentially very dangerous or beneficial technology. The necessity to develop the laws in order to protect humanity from misuse of this technology is also stressed to avoid the risks at hand.

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Grid Computing

Abstract: Grid computing, emerging as a new paradigm for next-generation computing, enables the sharing, selection, and aggregation of geographically distributed heterogeneous resources for solving large-scale problems in science, engineering, and commerce. The resources in the Grid are heterogeneous and geographically distributed. Availability, usage and cost policies vary depending on the particular user, time, priorities and goals. It enables the regulation of supply and demand for resources.

It provides an incentive for resource owners to participate in the Grid; and motivates the users to trade-off between deadline, budget, and the required level of quality of service. The thesis demonstrates the capability of economic-based systems for wide-area parallel and distributed computing by developing users’ quality-of-service requirements-based scheduling strategies, algorithms, and systems. It demonstrates their effectiveness by performing scheduling experiments on the World-Wide Grid for solving parameter sweep—task and data parallel—applications.

This paper focuses on introduction, grid definition and its evolution. It covers about grid characteristics, types of grids and an example describing a community grid model. It gives an overview of grid tools, various components, advantages followed by conclusion and bibliography.

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Nanotechnology In Textiles

Abstract: An adage is well known to all, “change is the only permanent thing in the nature”. The sheer beauty and economy of nature enables complicated polymers first to be fabricated then, living processes. The harnessing of these secretes has now led to the availability of new polymers which can impart living characteristics into an inanimate.

The break through, path braking and revolutionary developments (the leapfrogging technologies) make sense where technological advances driven by the market demands. One of the leapfrogging technologies today is “nano technology”, which is believed to reinvigorate discoveries and innovation in almost every host areas. It provides the unprecedented way of manufacturing materials, which may not be seen earlier in nature.

The latest technical buzzword in textiles too is nano technology (fibres, finishes, & so on).World’s toughest fibre carbon nano fibre is currently being paid more attention due to their unique physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, obtained by an “eSpin” technology i.e. electrostatic spinning technology.
This paper summarizes the recent development of nanotechnology in textile areas including textile formation and textile finishing. Details on two major technical aspects, using nanosize entities and employing specific techniques to create nanosize structure inside textile materials, have been elucidated. A number of nanosize fillers and their resultant performances have been reviewed. Particularly, nanolayer assembly, a new concept of textile surface coating, has been introduced. At the end, perspectives regarding future development of nanotechnologv for smart and intelligent textiles have been addressed.

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Nanotechnology – A Revolution In The Making

Abstract: This paper mainly includes the nuances of nanotechnology and how it is going to be a break through in all the technologies like DNA, RNA, scientific instruments etc... Specifically we have concentrated on the application of nanotechnology in IT field in the DESIGN OF SILICON CHIP and FEW NOTES ON ELECTRICAL AND SOFT NANOTECHNOLOGIES.

There is a growing sense in the scientific and technical community that we are about to enter a golden new era. We are about to be able to build things that work on the smallest possible length scales, atom by atom with the ultimate level of finesse, which is the concept of nanotechnology.

An initiative, “Nanotechnology for the Twenty-First Century: Leading to a New Industrial Revolution”. The initiative will support long term nanotechnology research and development, which will lead to breakthroughs in information technology, advanced manufacturing, medicine and health, environment and energy, and national security. The impact of nanotechnology on the health, wealth and lives of people will be at least the equivalent to the combined influences of microelectronics, medical imaging, computer-aided engineering and man-made polymers developed in this century.

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Nano Technology

Abstract: The discoveries, which have been emerged from the tender minds of young scientists in 20th century, had led too much innovative idea’s .one such idea applying the concept of nanotechnology in the fields of nanorobots. There’re two concepts of nanotechnology. They are position assembly &self-replication. Nanorobots are used in various fields Nanotechnology is smaller than micro technology. It is building with Intent and design, molecule by molecule. Nanotechnology can be created at nanoscale to perform new and improved functions. Nanotechnology is an enabler of accomplishment in a truly diverse mix of science and engineering fields. Scientist Looking for building blocks to form electronics and machines that are not much bigger than molecules. Researches have found a way to make carbon nanowires used In Nanoelectronics, as microscopic machine parts and in materials constructed Molecule-by-molecule. This paper is mainly deals about nanomedicine and some of its applications namely nanorobots and remote sensing. Nanomedicine is the Application of nanotechnology i.e. engineering of tiny machines which is used for the Prevention and treatment of disease in human body. Nanomedicine has potential to Change medical science dramatically in twenty first century.

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Robotics

Abstract: As strange as it might seem, there really is no standard definition for a robot. However, there are some essential characteristics that a robot must have and this might help you to decide what is and what not a robot is. It will also help you to decide what features you will need to build into a machine before it can count as a robot.

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Storage Area Networks

Abstract: As the technology is growing day by day, the focus is on how to market the processing faster. In the earlier days SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) was designed. As the reliability and popularity of computers and computer networks increased, the amount of data that had to be maintained on computers rose proportionately. At this time storage was embedded in servers. However a server’s storage capacity was severely limited, because it could handle only a finite number of storage disks. This limitation is bottleneck when several users are trying to access the information simultaneously. Due to this separate storage devices such as the JBOD’s (Just a Bunch of Disks), disk arrays and tape libraries are found.

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“Millipede” - An Ultra Dense Data Storage Technology (Mems Based Concept Using Nanotechnology)

Abstract: This paper deals with the development of an ultra dense data storage concept code named “MILLIPEDE”, developed by IBM, based on the model of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) which can be seen as the Nanotech equivalent of the primitive punch card technology. With this new technique, nanometer-sized bit indentations (30-40nm) and similar pitch sizes have been made by high resonant frequency cantilevers/tips on a very thin polymethylmethacrylate layer (PMMA), which is typically 40-50nm thick by heating the tips to high temperature (450°C), resulting in data storage densities of up to 1 Tb/in2. High data rates are achieved by massive parallel operation of large two-dimensional (2-D) atomic force microscope (AFM) arrays that have been batch-fabricated by silicon surface-micromachining techniques. A detailed discussion on potential of the data storage in the novel technique has been discussed with respect to the data write, read and erase techniques using time multiplexed electronics and thermal sensing. The all-crucial nanoscale fabrication considerations of Millipede are also being highlighted.

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Semantic Web - The Next Generation Web

Abstract: The word semantic implies meaning or, as WordNet defines it, “of or relating to the study of meaning and changes of meaning.” For the Semantic Web, semantic indicates that the meaning of data on the Web can be discovered—not just by people, but also by computers. In contrast, most meaning on the Web today is inferred by people who read web pages and the labels of hyperlinks, and by other people who write specialized software to work with the data. The phrase the Semantic Web stands for a vision in which computers—software—as well as people can find, read, understand, and use data over the World Wide Web to accomplish useful goals for users.

Of course, we already use software to accomplish things on the Web, but the distinction lies in the words we use. People surf the Web, buy things on web sites, work their way through search pages, read the labels on hyperlinks, and decide which links to follow. It would be much more efficient and less time-consuming if a person could launch a process that would then proceed on its own, perhaps checking with the person from time to time as the work progressed. The business of the Semantic Web is to bring such capabilities into widespread use.

In brief, the Semantic Web is supposed to make data located anywhere on the Web accessible and understandable, both to people and to machines. This is more a vision than a technology. In this book, we’ll explore the technologies that will play roles in bringing the vision to life.

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Saliency-based Object Recognition in 3D Data

Abstract: This paper presents a robust and real-time capable recognition system for the fast detection and classification of objects in spatial 3D data. Depth and reflection data from a 3D laser scanner are rendered into images and fed into a saliency-based visual attention system that detects regions of potential interest. Only these regions are exanimate by a fast classifier. The time saving of classifying objects in salient regions rather than in complete images is linear with the number of trained object classes. Robustness is achieved by the fusion of the bi-modal scanner data; in contrast to camera images, this data is completely illumination independent. The recognition system is trained for two different object classes and evaluated on real indoor data.

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Architecture, Challenges And Research Issues On Mobile Computing

Abstract: With the advent of the Internet and the plurality and variety of fancy applications it brought with it, the demand for more advanced services on cellular phones is increasingly becoming urgent. Unfortunately, so far the introduction of new enabling technologies did not succeed in boosting new services. The adoption of Internet services has shown to be more difficult due to the difference between the Internet and the mobile telecommunication system. The goal of this paper is to examine the characteristics of the mobile system and to clarify the constraints that are imposed on existing mobile services. The paper will also investigate successively the enabling technologies and the improvements they brought. Most importantly, the paper will identify their limitations and capture the fundamental requirements for future mobile service architectures namely openness, separation of service logic and content, multi-domain services, personalization, Personal Area Network (PAN)-based services and collaborative services. The paper also explains the analysis of current mobile service architecture such as voice communication, supplementary services with intelligent network, enabling services on SIM with SIM application tool kit, text services with short message service, internet services with WAP and dynamic applications on mobile phones with J2ME.

Further our paper gives information on challenges of mobile computing which includes harsh communications, connections, bandwidth and heterogeneous networks. Under research issues seamless connectivity over multiple overlays,scalable mobile processing ,wireless communications,mobility and portability are discussed.


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Keystroke Biometrics

Abstract: This paper provides an introduction to biometric security; Biometrics has been the emerging technology during the past decade. The technology appears to be the answer to the growing concern of the safety and security in both personal and public environments. Taking into consideration the tragic events of 11/9/2001, biometrics has received a great deal of attention and recognition. As the focus on security continues to intensify, individuals, companies, and organizations are quickly trying to learn more about the “what’s” and “how’s” of biometrics.

In our paper we will describe what biometrics technology is, how the technology is utilized and the different methods that are used. We will briefly describe four existing biometric technologies: facial recognition, finger print recognition, and iris recognition and palm geometry. Each of these technologies is unique in their own way, but they all attempt to provide the same safe guards to an individual, an object(s), a room or a building. These technologies may prove to be advantageous by eliminating security threats while optimizing the convenience to today’s organizations.

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Biometrics - The automated use of physiological or behavioral characteristics to determine or verify identity

Abstract:

The automated use of physiological or behavioral characteristics to determine or verify identity. To elaborate on this definition, physiological biometrics are based on measurements and data derived from direct measurement of a part of the human body. Fingerprint, iris-scan, retina-scan, hand geometry, and facial recognition are leading physiological biometrics. Biometric system is the integrated biometric hardware and software used to conduct biometric identification or verification. A generalized biometric system is expressed nearly with figure.

Various biometric technologies are fingerprint identification, speaker recognition, facial recognition, hand geometry, signature-scan, keystroke-scan, palm-scan, etc. Among these popular recognition techniques like fingerprint recognition , facial recognition and speech recognition are clearly explained. An automatic personal identification system based solely on one methodology often cannot meet the system performance requirements. So a combination of two or more methodologies is used to achieve required performance, which is called multibiometrics. In this paper we explained an example of multibiometric system, which combines fingerprint identification, speech recognition and facial recognition. A neatly sketched figure is used to describe the process in brief.

Biometrics has wide area applications; Most of them are covered in this paper.
Also some of the future applications like ATM machine, workstation and network access, travel and tourism and telephone transactions are given.

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Nano Technology

Abstract:

Imagine a technology so powerful that it will allow such feats as desktop manufacturing, cellular repair, artificial intelligence, inexpensive space travel, clean and abundant energy and environmental restoration; a technology so portable that every one can reap its benefits; a technology so fundamental that it will radically change the economic and political systems; a technology so imminent that most of people will see its impact within the lifetimes. Such is the promise of nanotechnology.

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