Renewable Energy Resources “Ocean Power-Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion”

Abstract: Is green power generation a distant dream??? Is the question that lingers in every mind of the people who are well aware of the ill-effects caused by the conventional energy sources across the globe. Electricity has a marvelous gift of being a green power as it has the option of being generated from the natural energy of wind, sun, water or from the heat of the earth underground.

In the present competitive scenario, one of the most challenging problems in the area of power production is effective utilization of clean power generation in environmentally friendly way. In order to meet the huge energy demands in the coming future, there is a need to adopt alternate strategies with a thrust on unlocking large potential energy to meet today’s energy consumption demand while continuing to pursue the goals of economic and environmental sustainability.

Our India is the greatest peninsula country in the world where we are having abundant sea shores. So an attempt in Ocean energy will help our mother India. Such an attempt to reduce the impact of pollution on environment in effective manner for co-existence of power generation with Mother Nature has been discussed.

Courtesy: N.Santhanam, Adi Parasakthi Engineering College (APEC), Melmaruvathur, Tamilnadu

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Renewable Energy Sources (Solar)

Abstract: Solar energy is the mother of most renewable energies on earth. The sun powers natural cycles on earth like the wind, water flow and plant growth. But sun is also such a reliable source of heat and light which is sometimes taken to be granted. Energy resources are available to supply mankind's expanding needs without environmental detriment. "When viewed from a large set of criteria, solar power shows a unique potential as a large scale sustainable energy source." The competitive position of solar energy is robust from a sustainable development perspective since most health and environmental costs are already internalized Generations have used glass and other materials and structures to capture and magnify the sun’s energy and these systems have gradually evolved to form the basis of mature techniques that are used today to harness solar energy.

Courtesy: N.Santhanam, Adi Parasakthi Engineering College (APEC), Melmaruvathur, Tamilnadu

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Renewable Hydrogen Production Gets Cleaner With Upgraded 20th Century Catalyst

Abstract: Concerns about the depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the pollution caused by continuously increasing energy demands make hydrogen an attractive alternative energy source. Hydrogen is currently derived from nonrenewable natural gas and petroleum, but could in principle be generated from renewable resources such as biomass-derived oxygenated compounds such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, sugars and sugar alcohols or water. Chemical and biological engineers report the discovery of a nickel-tin-aluminium (Raney-NiSn) catalyst that can replace the precious metal platinum in a new, environmentally sustainable, greenhouse-gas-neutral, low-temperature, economically viable process yielding fewer contaminants for making hydrogen fuel. Using this catalyst in a single reactor aqueous phase reforming (APR) process, it is possible to generate hydrogen at temperatures near 500 K from biomass instead of 1175 K required with usual processes. This method takes advantage of the unique thermodynamic properties of these oxygenated compounds that allow complete reaction of these compounds with water to H2 and CO2. At these conditions, APR process generates hydrogen without the need to volatilize water, which represents a major energy saving compared to conventional, vapor-phase, steam-reforming processes utilizing non-renewable hydrocarbons. The APR process can be used not only on the small scale to produce fuel for portable devices, but it could also be scaled up as a hydrogen source for industrial applications.

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"Fuel Cells"-The Enviornment Friendly Power Mills

Abstract: Chemical energy is the inherent energy available in huge amounts for our utilization where most wanted form of energy is electrical energy. The way that we can meet the requirements of electrical energy is given by fuel cells through chemical energy by providing a fuel and an oxidant we can produce electrical energy that is used in different spheres of requirements over the world. Through fuel cells chemical energy of reactants is converted into low voltage DC electricity.

In this paper the components of fuel cells, chemical reaction steps adopted in conversion, types of fuel cells, fuel cells and their impact on environment, safety and reliability, current position and disadvantages are raised and giving rise to the beneficial adoption of fuel cell mechanism

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Cogeneration - An Excellent Option For Increasing The Production Efficiencies

Abstract: Due to competitive pressures to cut costs and reduce emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gasses, owners and operators of industrial and commercial facilities are actively looking for ways to use energy more efficiently. One option is cogeneration, also known as combined heat and power (CHP). Cogeneration/CHP is the simultaneous production of electricity and useful heat from the same fuel or energy. Facilities with cogeneration systems use them to produce their own electricity, and use the unused excess (waste) heat for process steam, hot water heating, space heating, and other thermal needs. They may also use excess process heat to produce steam for electricity production. Cogeneration currently coexists with a regulated industry that is going through major structural changes that may limit or expand its application.

Its use is gradually increasing all over the world, although optimistic forecasts of rapid implementation and growth in the last couple of years have yet to be realized. This paper discusses the current cogeneration techniques and their benefits along with a review of the past techniques and their Energy and environmental issues.

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